CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE I AND TYPE II RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abstract

Background: Respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition characterized by the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange. It is categorized into two types: Type I (hypoxemic) respiratory failure, where oxygen levels are insufficient, and Type II (hypercapnic) respiratory failure, where carbon dioxide retention occurs. Understanding the clinical profile of these patients is crucial for timely intervention and management at tertiary care hospitals.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical characteristics, underlying causes, comorbidities, management strategies, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with Type I and Type II respiratory failure at a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine over one year and included 150 patients diagnosed with Type I and Type II respiratory failure. Data on demographics, underlying causes, comorbidities, clinical management, and outcomes were collected. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the type of respiratory failure, and statistical analysis was performed to compare clinical outcomes between the groups.

Results: Patients with Type I respiratory failure (n=80) had a higher incidence of acute lung conditions like pneumonia and ARDS, while those with Type II respiratory failure (n=70) predominantly had COPD. Oxygen therapy was universally used in Type I patients, whereas non-invasive ventilation was more common in Type II. Invasive mechanical ventilation was required more frequently in Type I patients (75%) compared to Type II (42.9%). Mortality rates were similar between the two groups (Type I: 22.5%, Type II: 21.4%).

Conclusion: Type I respiratory failure is mainly associated with acute conditions, while Type II is linked to chronic diseases like COPD. Proper identification of the type of respiratory failure is essential for choosing the correct management strategy, leading to better patient outcomes.

Keywords: Respiratory failure, Type I respiratory failure, Type II respiratory failure, Hypoxemia, Hypercapnia, COPD, Tertiary care hospital, Mechanical ventilation.