Study of Serum Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem characterized by insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Adiponectin and leptin, two key adipokines, play a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin and leptin levels in T2DM patients and compare them with healthy controls.

A case-control study was conducted with 100 participants, including 50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels were measured using ELISA kits, and their correlations with metabolic parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. The results showed significantly lower adiponectin and higher leptin levels in T2DM patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Additionally, adiponectin showed a negative correlation with FBG and HbA1c, while leptin levels correlated positively with BMI and insulin resistance.

The findings suggest that adiponectin deficiency and leptin excess contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation in T2DM patients. These adipokines could serve as potential biomarkers for assessing diabetes risk and complications. Further research is required to explore therapeutic interventions targeting adipokine modulation for improved glycemic control.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, adiponectin, leptin, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, adipokines.