Study of Bone Marrow in Pancytopenia

Abstract

Pancytopenia is a hematological condition characterized by a simultaneous reduction in all three blood cell lines: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is a manifestation of various underlying diseases, ranging from benign infections to serious hematological malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the bone marrow findings in pancytopenic patients to identify the underlying causes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients with pancytopenia over a period of five years, in department of pathology. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed, and findings were correlated with clinical and laboratory data. The most common cause identified was megaloblastic anemia (45%), followed by aplastic anemia (25%), hematological malignancies (15%), and other miscellaneous causes (15%). Bone marrow examination remains a crucial diagnostic tool in evaluating pancytopenia, providing essential information for proper management and prognosis.

Keywords: Pancytopenia, Bone marrow examination, Megaloblastic anemia, Aplastic anemia, Hematological malignancies