A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Homemakers and Its Association with Social Support

Abstract

Background: Homemakers are often at risk of psychological distress due to multiple stressors including social isolation, lack of financial independence, and familial responsibilities. Depression and anxiety frequently go unrecognized in this population.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among homemakers and evaluate the role of perceived social support in relation to their mental well-being.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 adult homemakers aged 20–60 years. Data were collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Sociodemographic variables were also recorded. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and Pearson correlation.

Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety was 28.5% and 24.8%, respectively. Low perceived social support was reported by 34.6% of the participants. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between MSPSS scores and PHQ-9 (r = -0.49, p < 0.001) and GAD-7 scores (r = -0.45, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: A substantial number of homemakers experience depression and anxiety, with low perceived social support being a major contributing factor. Mental health screening and community-based support systems should be prioritized for homemakers.

Keywords: Depression, anxiety, homemakers, social support, PHQ-9, GAD-7, MSPSS