Biosensor In Orthodontics: Biological feedback for precision therapy

Abstract

Background: Biosensor technology has become an innovative method for monitoring

biological and mechanical parameters in healthcare. In orthodontics, integrating biosensors into diagnostic and treatment systems can offer real-time data on tissue responses, orthodontic forces, and patient compliance.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the existing evidence on biosensor technologies relevant to orthodontics and to identify their potential applications in clinical practice.

Methods: A structured literature search was performed across major scientific databases to identify studies investigating biosensors and sensor-based technologies related to orthodontic treatment monitoring. Studies focusingon biosensor applications such as biomarker detection, orthodontic force monitoring, compliance assessment, and oral habit detection were included. Relevant articles were screened according to predefined eligibility criteria, and keyinformation regarding biosensor type, mechanism, and orthodontic relevance was extracted and synthesised.

Results: 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that biosensors in orthodontics can be broadly categorised into biomarker-detection biosensors, orthodontic force-monitoring sensors, compliance-monitoring microsensors, and wearable intraoral sensors for monitoring oral habits. These technologies demonstrate potential for real-time monitoring of biological and mechanical parameters during orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion: Biosensors show promising potential to enhance orthodontic diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and patientmanagement. However, most systems remain at an experimental stage, and further clinical research is required to establish their practical application in routine orthodontic care.

Keywords: Biosensors; Orthodontics