Air Pollution and Allergen Synergy in Allergic Airway Disease: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor that exacerbates allergic airway diseases. Interaction between airborne pollutants and allergens may amplify immune responses, leading to increased disease severity.

Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effect of air pollution and allergen exposure on the severity of allergic airway diseases.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 145 patients at a tertiary care allergy clinic over one year. Clinical severity, exposure history, and pollutant levels (PM2.5, PM10) were assessed. Statistical analysis included correlation and Chi-square test.

Results: Patients exposed to both high pollution and allergens showed significantly higher disease severity (p < 0.001). A positive correlation (r = 0.62) was observed between pollutant levels and symptom severity.

Conclusion: Air pollution significantly enhances allergen-induced airway inflammation, emphasizing the need for integrated environmental and clinical management.