PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN NEWLY DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined or described as a group of metabolic disorders  which is characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is described as insulin resistance, clusters of abnormalities including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, increased triglycerides, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). For the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome there are different diagnostic criteria. According to WHO modified criteria metabolic syndrome is defined as a presence of diabetes and e”2 of the following: 1) BMI >30 kg/m2 or Waist hip ratio>0.9 for men, >0.85 for women. 2) TG e”150 mg/dl or HDL. 3) BP e”140/90 mm Hg or on medication. According to the studies people having diabetes mellitus, at least 65% were associated metabolic syndrome die of some form of heart disease or stroke. So it is necessary to investigate a newly detected diabetes mellitus for signs of the metabolic syndrome so that complications can be prevented. One of the study showed that in India there is a highest increase in the population with diabetes from 19 million in 1995 to 66.8 million in 2015 and which is predicted to increase to 123.5 million by 2040. The prevalence rate of diabetes in urban areas is about 9% and the prevalence in rural areas has also increased to around 3% of the total population. According to the data of Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) people without metabolic syndrome had the lowest risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) whereas people with metabolic syndrome had an intermediate level of risk, and those with diabetes had the highest level of risk.

Aim: The main aim of this study is to find prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in newly diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Material and methods: Total 100 patients were included in this study in which 80 were male and 20 were females with recently diagnosis as diabetes mellitus within 6 months prior to the date of presentation. From all the patients detail history was collected and other risk and associated factors. For all the patients detailed clinical examinations, including weight in kg, height in cm, body mass index (BMI) (weight in kg/height in m2) were recorded.

Result: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 100 study participants was found to be 70.0%. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be highest in the age group of 35 -45 years (65.4%).The mean value of FBS in the metabolic syndrome group was 178 mg/dl; post prandial blood sugar mean value was 250 mg/dl. Out of cases 100 cases with TG>150, 92 had metabolic syndrome (92%). In this study, 65 % of the cases with the criteria for WC, WC > 90 cm for males and >80 cm for females had metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: Therefore in this study showed that diabetes significantly increases the risk for metabolic syndrome. Low HDL-C and evaluated TGs were seen to be associated with most cases of metabolic syndrome. Diabetic patients with morbid obesity, WC and central obesity have a high association with metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, triglycerides obesity